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English-Romanian and Romanian-English translation services by professional, Bucharest-based native experts who translate and officially certify your documents. Find Romanian Translation WFH freelancers on January 21, 2025 who work remotely. Read less

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What to Know

How do Romanian speakers translate words into English?

Translating Romanian words into English involves navigating through differences in grammar, vocabulary, and cultural context. Here's how this process works with examples:

1. Vocabulary and Lexical Choice

Direct Translation: Many words have direct equivalents in English, but translators must consider context for accuracy.
Romanian: "carte"
English: "book"

Cultural Nuances: Some words might not have direct translations due to cultural-specific concepts or items.
Romanian: "sarmale"
English: "cabbage rolls" (with a cultural note about Romanian cuisine if necessary)

False Friends: Words that look similar but have different meanings require careful translation.
Romanian: "actual" (current)
English: "actual" can be misleading because in English it means "real" or "existing in fact", not "current". The correct translation would be "current".

2. Grammar and Syntax

Word Order: Romanian typically follows Subject-Verb-Object (SVO) like English, but there can be flexibility for emphasis or stylistic reasons.
Romanian: "Copilul citește o carte." (The child reads a book.)
English: "The child is reading a book." (Note the use of continuous tense in English for present actions.)

Verb Conjugation: Romanian verbs conjugate for person, number, tense, mood, and voice, which is more complex than English.
Romanian: "Eu citesc." (I read/am reading - present tense)
English: "I read." (Simple present; English often uses present continuous for ongoing actions.)

Gender and Number: Romanian nouns, adjectives, and articles agree in gender (masculine/feminine) and number (singular/plural), which English largely does not.
Romanian: "casă mare" (big house, feminine)
English: "big house" (no gender distinction)

Case: Romanian has five cases (nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, vocative), which can affect translation by changing the form of nouns, pronouns, and adjectives.
Romanian: "Am văzut-o pe Maria." (I saw Maria - accusative with "pe" for animate objects)
English: "I saw Maria."

3. Idiomatic Expressions and Proverbs

Idioms: Romanian idioms often need cultural equivalents or explanation.
Romanian: "A bate câmpii" (to beat the fields - meaning to talk nonsense)
English: "To talk rubbish" or "to beat around the bush"

Proverbs: Translating proverbs involves capturing the essence rather than a literal translation.
Romanian: "Cine doarme nu prinde pește." (He who sleeps doesn't catch fish.)
English: "The early bird catches the worm."

4. Formality and Politeness
Polite Forms: Romanian uses "dumneavoastră" for formal address, similar to "usted" in Spanish for "you".
Romanian: "Vă rog să mă ajutați." (Please help me, formal)
English: "Please help me." (English doesn't distinguish formality in pronouns, but tone can convey formality.)

5. Cultural References
Local Customs or Historical Contexts: Translating cultural references might require additional explanation or adaptation.
Romanian: "Mărțișor" (a traditional celebration on March 1st)
English: "Martisor" with an explanation of the custom, e.g., "a traditional Romanian spring celebration where people give small tokens of appreciation."

6. Technical and Specialized Terms
Terminology: In technical fields, Romanian might use terms borrowed from English or Latin, but translation requires precision.
Romanian: "computer"
English: "computer" (a direct loanword)

7. Translation Techniques
- Literal vs. Free Translation: A balance between literal translation for legal or technical documents and more free translation for literary or idiomatic expressions.
- Use of Translation Tools: Machine translation can offer a starting point, but human translators refine for accuracy, especially in context-dependent or idiomatic phrases.

Examples of Translation:

Simple Sentence:
Romanian: "Îmi place să citesc."
English: "I like to read."

Complex Sentence:
Romanian: "Dacă plouă mâine, va trebui să anulăm picnicul."
English: "If it rains tomorrow, we'll have to cancel the picnic."

Idiomatic Expression:
Romanian: "A avea un cui în talpă" (to have a nail in one's shoe - meaning to be annoyed by something small)
English: "To have a bee in one's bonnet" or "to have a thorn in one's side"

Cultural Nuance:
Romanian: "Am mers la munte să culegem ciuperci."
English: "We went to the mountains to pick mushrooms." (Cultural activity in Romania, might need context in translation)

Translating Romanian into English requires an understanding of both languages' nuances, ensuring that the translation conveys not just the literal meaning but also the cultural, emotional, or stylistic intent of the original text.

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