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Online courses in songwriting, artistic voice, poetry writing to hip-hop production; craft original lyrics and verse with style, prosody, melody, harmony, form. Find Songs / Poems WFH freelancers on January 21, 2025 who work remotely. Read less

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What to Know

How are poems written?

Writing poetry involves crafting language into forms that convey emotion, imagery, narrative, or thought with a heightened level of artistry. Here’s an in-depth look at how poems are written, focusing on different types, styles, English language principles, and technical examples:

Types of Poetry:

Lyric Poetry:
Explanation: Often short, expressive, and personal, lyric poetry focuses on the poet's emotions rather than a narrative.
Example:
Sonnet - A 14-line poem with specific rhyme schemes (like Shakespearean ABAB CDCD EFEF GG or Petrarchan ABBA ABBA CDE CDE).
Technical Detail: Shakespeare's "Sonnet 18" uses iambic pentameter where each line has ten syllables, with an unstressed syllable followed by a stressed one:

Shall I compare thee to a summer's day? (unstressed/stressed)
Ode - A longer, formal poem celebrating a person, place, or thing, often with a complex structure.

Narrative Poetry:
Explanation: Tells a story with characters, plot, and setting.
Example:
Epic - Long narrative poems that detail heroic deeds or historical events, like Homer's "Iliad".

Ballad - Typically tells a story in short stanzas, often with a refrain.
Technical Detail: "The Rime of the Ancient Mariner" by Samuel Taylor Coleridge uses a ballad form with alternating four and three-stress lines:
It is an ancient Mariner,
And he stoppeth one of three.

Dramatic Poetry:
Explanation: Written in the voice of a character or characters, often monologue-like.
Example:
Dramatic Monologue - Robert Browning’s "My Last Duchess" where the Duke speaks to an envoy about his late wife.

Concrete Poetry:
Explanation: The visual form of the poem contributes to its meaning, shaping words into images.
Example: George Herbert's "Easter Wings" where the shape of the poem mimics wings.

Styles and Techniques:

Meter:
Explanation: The rhythmic structure of a poem, determined by the number and type of feet per line.

Types:
Iambic (unstressed/stressed) - Most common in English poetry, e.g., "Upon the meadow filled with dew."
Trochaic (stressed/unstressed) - "Double, double toil and trouble" from Macbeth.
Technical Detail: Meter gives poetry its rhythm, and poets often vary meter for effect or to mimic natural speech.

Rhyme:
Explanation: The repetition of similar sounding words at the end of lines.
Schemes:
Couplet (AA) - "For never was a story of more woe / Than this of Juliet and her Romeo" (Shakespeare).
Alternate Rhyme (ABAB) - Common in sonnets.
Technical Detail: Rhyming can be end rhyme or internal rhyme, and poets might use slant rhyme for subtler effects.

Imagery and Figurative Language:
Explanation: Uses metaphors, similes, personification, etc., to create vivid mental images or convey deeper meanings.
Example:
Metaphor: "Hope is the thing with feathers" by Emily Dickinson.
Technical Detail: Imagery not only paints pictures with words but also engages the senses, enhancing the emotional impact.

Alliteration, Assonance, Consonance:
Explanation: These are sound devices that add musicality or emphasis.
Technical Detail:
Alliteration: "She sells seashells by the seashore."
Assonance: "The rain in Spain falls mainly in the plain."
Consonance: "Pitter patter."

English Language Principles:
Syntax: Poets often play with sentence structure for emphasis or to mirror the poem's theme or form.
Diction: Choosing the right words for tone, mood, or to align with the poem's rhythm and sound.
Connotation vs. Denotation: Words chosen for their emotional undertones as well as their literal meanings.

Writing Process:
Inspiration: Starts with an idea, emotion, or observation.
Form Selection: Deciding on a form or letting the content dictate the structure.
Drafting: Writing initial lines, focusing on content rather than perfection.
Revision: Refining the poem by adjusting meter, rhyme, imagery, and language to enhance meaning or aesthetic quality.
Editing: Final tweaks for clarity, flow, or to meet the constraints of chosen form.

Examples in Technical Detail:
Haiku by Basho:
An old silent pond...
A frog jumps into the pond—
splash! Silence again.

Technical Detail: This traditional Japanese form has 17 syllables arranged in three lines of 5-7-5. In English, poets aim to capture the essence of this structure while adapting to the language's rhythm.

Free Verse by Walt Whitman:
I celebrate myself, and sing myself,
And what I assume you shall assume,
For every atom belonging to me as good belongs to you.

Technical Detail: Free verse eschews traditional meter and rhyme, focusing instead on natural speech rhythms and thematic development.

Writing poetry is both an art and a craft, requiring an understanding of language, form, and emotion. Each poem is an exploration of how words can be arranged to convey meaning in the most impactful way, often bending or breaking traditional language and structure for artistic expression.

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