Chicago Manual of Style

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Find writers, editors, proofreaders and copywriters with impeccable writing and editorial skills, and an outstanding command of the English language to format your text to the editorial guidelines of the Chicago Manual of Style in punctuation and abbreviations, construction of tables, selection of headings, citation of references and presentation of statistics in addition to other standardizing of book manuscript elements. Find Chicago Manual of Style WFH freelancers on January 21, 2025 who work remotely. Read less

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What to Know

The most important points of the Chicago Manual of Style?

Here are 20 key elements of the Chicago Manual of Style (CMS), which is widely used in academic and publishing contexts:

Citation Styles:
Notes and Bibliography (NB): Uses footnotes or endnotes along with a bibliography.
Author-Date: Uses parenthetical citations in the text with a reference list at the end.

Footnotes and Endnotes:
Numbered sequentially throughout the document. Footnotes appear at the bottom of each page, endnotes at the end of the chapter or document.

Bibliography:
An alphabetical list of all sources cited. Each entry includes author, title, publication details, etc.

Author Names:
In citations, the author's name is inverted (last name first). In bibliographies, names are usually not inverted unless there are multiple authors.

Titles of Works:
Titles of books, journals, and other standalone works are italicized. Titles of articles, chapters, and other shorter works within larger works are in quotation marks.

Use of Commas:
Serial comma (also known as the Oxford comma) is used before the conjunction in a series of three or more items.

Quotation Marks:
Double quotation marks for direct quotations, with single quotes for quotes within quotes.

Numbers:
Generally, numbers from one to one hundred are spelled out, except when they refer to specific measures, dates, or technical contexts.

Dates:
Written in the format: Month day, year (e.g., January 1, 2022).

Punctuation with Quotation Marks:
Periods and commas go inside quotation marks, while colons and semicolons go outside.

Hyphenation:
Compound adjectives before nouns are hyphenated (e.g., "well-known author").

Spelling Out Abbreviations:
Abbreviations like "e.g.," "i.e.," and "etc." are followed by commas.

Latin Terms:
Common Latin abbreviations like "et al." are used without italics.

Capitalization:
For titles in English, capitalize the first word, the last word, and all major words (not articles, prepositions, or conjunctions unless they are the first or last word).

Inclusive Language:
Encourages the use of language that avoids bias regarding gender, race, age, etc.

Ellipses:
Three spaced dots for omission within a sentence; four if the omission includes the end of a sentence.

Dashes:
Em dashes (—) for breaks in thought or to set off parenthetical information, en dashes (–) for ranges or connections (like 1990–2000).

Use of "that" vs. "which":
"That" for restrictive clauses (no comma); "which" for non-restrictive clauses (with a comma).

Citations of Electronic Sources:
Includes the DOI or stable URL when available, along with the access date for web sources.

Formatting Tables and Figures:
Detailed rules on how to present data visually, including labels, captions, and sources.

These elements help maintain consistency and clarity in written work, particularly in scholarly publishing. Remember, CMS is updated periodically, so always check the most recent edition for the latest guidelines.

Is there any tools specifically aligned to the Chicago Manual of Style?

The professional editing software that is specifically aligned with the Chicago Manual of Style (CMS) is PerfectIt: https://intelligentediting.com/

PerfectIt has integrated the CMS into its proofreading software, providing users with direct access to CMS guidelines as they check their documents for consistency and style.

Here's how it aligns with CMS:

Integration with CMS: PerfectIt offers a "Chicago Style" check within Microsoft Word, which scans documents for errors based on CMS rules. This includes checking for consistency in style and providing instant access to CMS guidance without leaving the document.

Customization: Users can build house styles on top of CMS preferences, allowing for customization that aligns with specific organizational or project needs while adhering to CMS standards.

Learning Tool: Instead of over-correcting, PerfectIt uses examples from your document to illustrate CMS principles, thereby teaching users how to apply the style more effectively.

This integration is available for those who have subscriptions to both CMS Online and PerfectIt. Both accounts need to be registered with the same email address to utilize this feature.

Which big academic publishers are known to use CMS?

The Chicago Manual of Style (CMS) is widely used by numerous academic and trade publishing houses, especially in the humanities and social sciences. Here are some key publishing houses known to use the Chicago Manual of Style:

University of Chicago Press - As the publisher of the CMS, it naturally adheres to its guidelines.
Harvard University Press - Known for its extensive academic publications, it uses CMS for consistency in scholarly works.

Oxford University Press - While it might have some variations, particularly for its UK publications, it often uses the CMS for its American publications.

Yale University Press - Uses CMS for its extensive range of scholarly books.

Princeton University Press - Typically follows CMS guidelines for its academic publishing.

MIT Press - Utilizes CMS for its publications in science, technology, and the arts.

Columbia University Press - Employs CMS in its wide array of scholarly books.

Cambridge University Press - For North American publications, it often adheres to CMS, although it might also use other styles like APA for specific disciplines.

W.W. Norton & Company - A major trade publisher, Norton uses CMS for many of its academic and literary titles.

Random House - Especially for its academic imprints or books with scholarly content, CMS can be the preferred style.

Penguin Books - For certain academic or more literary works, Penguin might choose CMS.

Simon & Schuster - This publisher may use CMS for books that require academic or scholarly formatting.

Johns Hopkins University Press - Known for its medical and health publications, it often uses CMS.

Duke University Press - Follows CMS for its humanities and social sciences titles.

Cornell University Press - Uses CMS for its academic books.

University of California Press - Adheres to CMS for its diverse academic publications.

Routledge - Although known for using other styles in some contexts, it uses CMS for many of its humanities books.

Bloomsbury Publishing - For its academic imprints, especially in the US, CMS might be used.

Basic Books - Part of Hachette Book Group, it uses CMS for many of its serious non-fiction titles.

Graywolf Press - Known for literary fiction and poetry, they might apply CMS for consistency in style.

Please note that while these publishers often use CMS, they might also have in-house style guides that include variations or additional rules. The specific style might also depend on the particular book or series within their catalog. Also, some publishers might use CMS for some projects but not for others, depending on the discipline, author's preference, or editorial decisions.

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